UPSC Prelims 2018— Question 30

**Concept and analysis:** ILO Convention No. 138 concerns the minimum age for admission to employment, while Convention No. 182 concerns the prohibition and immediate action for the elimination of the worst forms of child labour. Both are core international labour standards addressing child labour. The question is testing precise UPSC-level identification rather than a broad association. The key is to distinguish the exact institutional, constitutional, historical, geographical, economic or scientific feature being asked. **Option-wise evaluation** **Option A:** Correct. Child labour directly matches the concept or factual identification established in the analysis. **Option B:** Incorrect. Adaptation of agricultural practices to global climate change is a different institution, place, definition, proposition or description and does not satisfy the specific requirement of the question. **Option C:** Incorrect. Regulation of food prices and food security is a different institution, place, definition, proposition or description and does not satisfy the specific requirement of the question. **Option D:** Incorrect. Gender parity at the workplace is a different institution, place, definition, proposition or description and does not satisfy the specific requirement of the question. **UPSC takeaway:** The safest way to solve this type of question is to anchor the answer in the defining feature of the concept and then test every option against that feature. Closely related institutions or terms are often used as distractors. In statement-based questions, do not judge the option as a whole before checking each statement independently. In factual questions, compare the wording of each option with the exact definition, location, institutional role, chronology or scientific property. The correct answer follows from that verification rather than from familiarity with a keyword.