UPSC Prelims 2018— Question 92

**Concept and analysis:** The Supreme Court's recognition of privacy as a fundamental right was grounded principally in Article 21's protection of life and personal liberty, read with the freedoms and guarantees in Part III. The constitutional understanding is therefore broader than a single standalone privacy clause and is rooted in the fundamental-rights framework. The question is testing precise UPSC-level identification rather than a broad association. The key is to distinguish the exact institutional, constitutional, historical, geographical, economic or scientific feature being asked. **Option-wise evaluation** **Option A:** Incorrect. Article 14 and the provisions under the 42nd Amendment to the Constitution is a different institution, place, definition, proposition or description and does not satisfy the specific requirement of the question. **Option B:** Incorrect. Article 17 and the Directive Principles of State Policy in Part IV is a different institution, place, definition, proposition or description and does not satisfy the specific requirement of the question. **Option C:** Correct. Article 21 and the freedoms guaranteed in Part. III directly matches the concept or factual identification established in the analysis. **Option D:** Incorrect. Article 24 and the provisions under the 44th Amendment to the Constitution is a different institution, place, definition, proposition or description and does not satisfy the specific requirement of the question. **UPSC takeaway:** The safest way to solve this type of question is to anchor the answer in the defining feature of the concept and then test every option against that feature. Closely related institutions or terms are often used as distractors. In statement-based questions, do not judge the option as a whole before checking each statement independently. In factual questions, compare the wording of each option with the exact definition, location, institutional role, chronology or scientific property. The correct answer follows from that verification rather than from familiarity with a keyword.