Environment & Ecology

Consider the following statements with bea’ reference to India’s response to climate 2 change : I. India’s Long-Term Low Emission Development Strategy (LT-LEDS) is a crucial tool for achieving net-zero emissions by 2070. Ml. India’s 4'* Biennial Update Report (BUR-4) submitted in December, 2024 recorded around 8% decrease in Greenhouse gas emissions in 2020 over 2019. Ill. Climate-resilient development necessarily depends on quick and short-term achievement of emission reduction targets. 23 Which of the following relationships among the above statements is/are correct ? 1. Statement I is empirically supported by statement II. 2. Statement III contradicts the approach implicit in statement I. 3. Statement I and statement III together establish the premise of long-term sustainability. Select the answer using the code given below : (a) 1 only (b) 1 and 2 (ce) Qand3 (d) 3 only

With respect to the Western Hoolock Gibbons, which of the following statements is/are correct ? 1. A Sanctuary in North-east India is home to this ape species listed as Endangered in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List. 2. They have specialized brachiation and can easily swing between trees. 3. They possess a strong and heavy build like gorillas, yet are remarkably agile tree climbers. Select the answer using the code given below : (a) 1 only (b) land2 (c) 2and3 (ad) 3 only

Which of the following best explain(s) the rationale for protecting mangrove ecosystems in the context of climate resilience ? 1. Mangroves reduce tidal energy and store freshwater, making them ideal sites for paddy cultivation in saline estuarine belts. 2. Their _ salt-sensitive roots filter seawater, making mangroves key to converting coastal 1 and into freshwater aquaculture zones. 3. By withstanding tidal surges and offering biomass resources, mangroves function both as natural bio-shields and livelihood bases for rural communities. Select the answer using the code given below :

Which of the following statements with regard to the arrival of Amur Falcons at Doyang Lake in Nagaland each year from Mongolia is/are correct ? 1. It showcases how sustained local conservation efforts can contribute to the arrival and protection of 7 international migratory birds. 2. It reflects the global success of advanced tracking technologies that guide migratory birds back to their stopover sites. : 3. It confirms that Amur Falcons have adapted to permanent residency in India due to favourable habitat changes. Select the answer using the code given below :

With reference to Madhav National Park, which of the following statements is/are correct ? 1. It was declared a Tiger Reserve in India in 2025. 2. Sakhya Sagar, which is designated as a Ramsar Site, is situated within this National Park. 3. Its area is shared between Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan. Select the answer using the code given below :

Consider the following statements about Rhynchostylis retusa (Foxtail orchid) : 1. / Itis an epiphytic orchid. 2. The species is endemic to North-east India. 3. It is the State flower of Arunachal Pradesh and Assam. Which of the statements given above is/are correct ? (a) 1 only (b) land3 () 2and3 (d) 3 only 39.

At the United Nations Ocean Conference (UNOC) held in June, 2025 in France, the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) of the United Nations demonstrated its leading voice on marine and ocean issues, especially on sustainable fisheries and aquaculture for resilient livelihood and “Blue Transformation”. Which of the following combinations about the “Four Betters” proposed by FAO for “Blue Transformation” is correct ?

Which one of the following is the first Plan Vivo certified Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) project in India ?

Which of the following statements in relation to NIRANTAR (National Institute for Research and Application of Natural Resources to Transform, Adapt and Build Resilience), a platform of institutions under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, is/are correct?

Consider statements that without atmosphere surface temperature would be far below freezing, atmospheric heat trapping maintains average temperature, and gases such as CO2 absorb radiation.

Consider statements on Rashtriya Gokul Mission: its importance for rural poor and its objective of scientific conservation and promotion of indigenous cattle and buffalo.

Consider statements on India not signing the COP28 Declaration on Climate and Health, its binding nature, and possible health-system resilience effects of decarbonisation.

Consider statements on Article 6 of the Paris Agreement, including carbon-market principles and non-market cooperation strategies.

Which statements about Direct Air Capture are correct: carbon sequestration, feedstock for plastics/food processing, and source of carbon for synthetic low-carbon aviation fuel?

Regarding the Peacock tarantula (Gooty tarantula), consider statements on being an omnivorous crustacean, restricted Indian habitat and arboreal habit.

Consider statements on India’s per-capita CO2 emissions, its Asia-Pacific rank in fuel-combustion CO2 emissions, and electricity/heat as major sources.

How many pairs are correctly matched: cassava–woody shrub, ginger–herb with pseudostem, Malabar spinach–herbaceous climber, mint–annual shrub, papaya–woody shrub?

Consider statements comparing rainforest and ocean oxygen production, marine phytoplankton/photosynthetic bacteria, and oxygen concentration in surface water.

How many contain plastic: cigarette butts, eyeglass lenses, car tyres?

Consider statements about activated carbon as a pollutant-removal tool, its large surface area for adsorption, and synthesis from carbon-rich wastes.

Which implications best reflect the World Bank warning that India could experience wet-bulb temperatures above 35°C?

Artificial rainmaking to reduce air pollution makes use of which chemical agents?

According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), which one of the following is the largest source of Sulphur dioxide emissions?

"Membrane Bioreactors" are often discussed in the context of:

The organisms “Cicada, Froghopper and Pond skater” are:

Consider the following statements: Statement-1: Many chewing gums found in the market are considered a source of environmental pollution. Statement-2: Many chewing gums contain plastic as gum base. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

Consider the following pairs: Country — Animal found in its natural habitat: 1. Brazil — Indri; 2. Indonesia — Elk; 3. Madagascar — Bonobo. How many of the pairs given above are correctly matched?

Consider the following statements: 1. Lions do not have a particular breeding season. 2. Unlike most other big cats, cheetahs do not roar. 3. Unlike male lions, male leopards do not proclaim their territory by scent marking. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Which one of the following shows a unique relationship with an insect that has coevolved with it and that is the only insect that can pollinate this tree?

Consider the following: 1. Butterflies 2. Fish 3. Frogs. How many of the above have poisonous species among them?

One of the following regions has the world’s largest tropical peatland, which holds about three years’ worth of global carbon emissions from fossil fuel; and the possible destruction of which can exert detrimental effect on the global climate. Which one of the following denotes the region?

With reference to perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) that are used in making many consumer products, consider the following statements: 1. PFAS are found to be widespread in drinking water, food and food packaging materials. 2. PFAS are not easily degraded in the environment. 3. Persistent exposure to PFAS can lead to bioaccumulation in animal bodies. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Consider the following: 1. Carabid beetles 2. Centipedes 3. Flies 4. Wasps. Parasitoid species are found in how many of the above kind of organisms?

Consider the following statement: Statement-1: The Indian Flying Fox is placed under the “vermin” category in the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. Statement-2: The Indian Flying Fox feeds on the blood of other animals. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

.Consider the following trees : 1. Jackfruit (Artoca7pus heterophyllus) 2. Mahua (Madhuca indica) 3. Teak (Tectona grandis) How many of the above are deciduous trees?

Consider the following statements : Statement-! : Marsupials are not naturally found in India. Statement-11 : Marsupials can thrive only in montane grasslands with no predators. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

'Invasive Species Specialist oroup' (that develops Global Invasive Species Database) belongs to which one of the following organizations?

Consider the following 'rauna : 1. Lion-tailed Macaque 2. Malabar Civet 3. Sambar Deer How many of the above are generally nocturnal or most active after sunset?

Consider the following statements regarding the Indian squirrels : 1. They build nests by making burrows in the ground. 2. They store their food materials like nuts and seeds in the ground. 3. They are omnivorous. How many of the above sta~ements ~e correct?

Consider the following : 1. Aerosols 2. Foam agents 3. Fire retardants 4. Lubricants In the making of how many of the above are hydrofluorocarbons used?

Consider the following statements : Statement-! : Carbon markets are likdy to be one of the most widespread tools in the fight against climate change. Statement-11 : Carbon markets transfer resources from the private sector to the State. Which one of the following is correct in respect "of the above statements?

Consider the following statements regarding mercury pollution : 1. Gold mining activity is a source of mercury pollution in the world. 2. Coal-based thermal power plants cause mercury pollution. 3. There is no known safe level of exposure to mercury. How many of the above statements are correct?

Consider the following statements : Statement-! : According to the United . Natio~s 'World Water Development Report, 2022', India extracts more than a quarter of the world's groundwater withdrawal each year. Statement-11 : India needs to extract more thari a quarter of the world's groundwater each year to satisfy the drinking water and sanitation needs of almost 18% of world's population living in its territory. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

Consider the following statements : 1. In India, the Biodiversity Management Committees are key to the realization of the objectives of the Nagoya Protocol. 2. The Biodiversity Management Committees have important functions in determining access and benefit sharing, including the power to levy collection fees on the access of biological resources within its jurisdiction. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Consider the following pairs: Wetland/Lake Location 1. Hokera Wetland Punjab 2. Renuka Wetland Himachal Pradesh 3. Rudrasagar Lake Tripura 4. Sasthamkotta Lake Tamil Nadu How many pairs given above are correctly matched?

"Climate Action Tracker" which monitors the emission reduction pledges of different countries is a:

Consider the following statements: 1. "The Climate Group" is an international non-profit organization that drives climate action by building large networks and runs them. 2. The International Energy Agency in partnership with the Climate Group launched a global initiative "EP100". 3. EP100 brings together leading companies committed to driving innovation in energy efficiency and increasing competitiveness while delivering on emission reduction goals. 4. Some Indian companies are members of EP100. Road, Patna, Bihar 800001 | Hyderabad - 1st & 2nd Floor, SM Plaza, RTC X Rd, Indira Park Road, Jawahar Nagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500020 5. The International Energy Agency is the Secretariat to the "Under2 Coalition". Which of the statements given above are correct?

"If rainforests and tropical forests are the lungs of the Earth, then surely wetlands function as its kidneys." Which one of the following functions of wetlands best reflects the above statement?

In the context of WHO Air Quality Guidelines, consider the following statements: 1. The 24-hour mean of PM2.5 should not exceed 15 ug/m³ and annual mean of PM2.5 should not exceed 5 µg/m³. 2. In a year, the highest levels of ozone pollution occur during the periods of inclement weather. 3. PM10 can penetrate the lung barrier and enter the bloodstream. 4. Excessive ozone in the air can trigger asthma. Which of the statements given above are correct?

With reference to polyethylene terephthalate, the use of which is so widespread in our daily lives, consider the following statements: 1. Its fibres can be blended with wool and cotton fibres to reinforce their properties. 2. Containers made of it can be used to store any alcoholic beverage. 3. Bottles made of it can be recycled into other products. 4. Articles made of it can be easily disposed of by incineration without causing greenhouse gas emissions. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Which of the following is not a bird?

"Biorock technology" is talked about in which one of the following situations?

The "Miyawaki method" is well known for the:

Which one of the following has been constituted under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986?

Which one of the following best describes the term “greenwashing:”?

With reference to Indian laws about wildlife protection, consider the following statements: 1. Wild animals are the sole property of the government. 2. When a wild animal is declared protected, such animal is entitled for equal protection whether it is found in protected areas or outside. 3. Apprehension of a protected wild animal becoming a danger to human life is sufficient ground for its capture or killing. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Certain species of which one of the following organisms are well known as cultivators of fungi?

Consider the following: 1. Carbon monoxide 2. Nitrogen oxide 3. Ozone 4. Sulphur dioxide Excess of which of the above in the environment is/are cause(s) of acid rain?

Consider the following statements. Statement 1: The United Nations Capital Development Fund (UNCDF) and the Arbor Day Foundation have recently recognized Hyderabad as 2020 Tree City of the World. Statement 2: Hyderabad was selected for the recognition following its commitment to grow and maintain the urban forests. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

Consider the following kinds of organisms: 1. Copepods 2. Cyanobacteria 3. Diatoms 4. Foraminifera. Which of the above are primary producers in the food chains of oceans?

Consider the following animals. To reduce the chance of being captured by predators, which of the above organisms rolls up and protects their vulnerable parts?

With reference to the ‘New York Declaration on Forests’, which of the following statements are correct? 1. It was first endorsed at the United Nations Climate Summit in 2014. 2. It endorses a global timeline to end the loss of forests. 3. It is a legally binding international declaration. 4. It is endorsed by governments, big companies and indigenous communities. 5. India was one of the signatories at its inception. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

Magnetite particles, suspected to cause neurodegenerative problems, are generated as environmental pollutants from which of the following? 1. Brakes of motor vehicles 2. Engines of motor vehicles 3. Microwave stoves within homes 4. Power plants 5. Telephone lines. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

Which one of the following is a filter feeder?

In case of which one of the following biogeochemical cycles, the weathering of rocks is the main source of release of nutrient to enter the cycle?

Which of the following are detritivores? 1. Earthworms 2. Jellyfish 3. Millipedes 4. Seahorses 5. Woodlice. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

The ‘Common Carbon Metric’, supported by UNEP, has been developed for

Which of the following have species that can establish symbiotic relationship with other organisms? 1. Cnidarians 2. Fungi 3. Protozoa. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

‘R2 Code of Practices’ constitutes a tool available for promoting the adoption of

Why is there a concern about copper smelting plants? 1. They may release lethal quantities of carbon monoxide into environment. 2. The copper slag can cause the leaching of some heavy metals into environment. 3. They may release sulphur dioxide as a pollutant. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

What is blue carbon?

In nature, which of the following is/are most likely to be found surviving on a surface without soil?

Which of the following are the reasons/factors for exposure to benzene pollution? 1. Automobile exhaust 2. Tobacco smoke 3. Wood burning 4. Using varnished wooden furniture 5. Using products made of polyurethane Select the correct answer using the code given below:

With reference to India desert national park which of the following statement are correct? 1. It is over spread to districts. 2. There is no human habitation inside the park. 3. It has the one of natural habitats of great Indian bustard. Select the correct answer given the code below:

Among the following Tiger Reserves, which one has the largest area under “critical tiger habitat”?

If a particular plant spices is placed under schedule VI of the Wildlife Protection act 1972, what is the implication?

Which one of the following statements best describes the term social cost of carbon ?

With reference to Indian elephant, consider the following statement: 1. The Leader of an elephant group is a female 2. The maximum gestation period can be 22 months. 3. An elephant can normally go on calving till the age of 40 years only. 4. Among the states in India, the highest elephant population is in Kerala. Which of the statement given above is/are correct?

Which of the following Protected Areas are located in Cauvery basin? 1. Nagarhole National Park 2. Papikonda National Park 3. Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve 4. Wayanad Wildlife Sancturary Select the correct answer using the code given below:

With reference to India’s biodiversity Ceylon Frogmouth, Coppersmith Barbet, Gray-chinned minivet and white-throated redstart are

Which one of the following protected areas is well-known for the conservation of a sub-species of the Indian swamp deer (Barasingha) that thrives well on hard ground and exclusively graminivorous?

Steel slag can be the material for which of the foll0wing? 1. construction of base road 2. Improvement of agricultural soil 3. Production of cement Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Which of the following are the most likely places to find the musk deer in its natural habitat? 1. Askot Wildlife sanctuary 2. Gangotri National Park 3. Kishanpur Wildlife Sanctuary 4. Manas national Park Select the correct answer using the code given below:

In rural road construction, the use of which the following is preferred for ensuring environmental sustainability or to reduce carbon footprint? 1. Copper slag 2. Cold mix asphalt technology 3. Geotextiles 4. Hot mix asphalt technology 5. Portland cement Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Consider the following statements: 1. Coal ash contains arsenic, lead and mercury. 2. Coal-fired power plants release sulphur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen into the encironment. 3. High ash content is observed in Indian coal. Which of the statement given above is/are correct?

In India ‘extended producer responsibility’ was introduced as an important feature in which of the following?

Consider the following statements: 1. As per law, the Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management and Planning Authority exists at both National and State levels. 2. People’s participation is mandatory in the compensatory afforestation Programmes carried out under the Compensatory Afforestation Fund Act, 2016. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Consider the following statements: 1. As per recent amendment to the Indian Forest Act, 1927, forest dwellers have the right to fell the bamboos grown on forest areas. 2. As per the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006, bamboo is a minor forest produce. 3. The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forrest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 allows ownership of minor forest produce to forest dwellers. Which of the statement given above is/are correct?

Consider the following statements: The Environment Protection Act, 1986 empowers the Government of India to 1. State the requirement of public participation in the process of environmental protection, and the procedure and manner in which it is sought. 2. lay down the standards for emission or discharge of environmental pollutants from various sources. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

As per the Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016 in India, which one of the following statements is correct?

Consider the following statements: 1. Asiatic lion in naturally found in India only. 2. Double-humped camel is naturally found in India only. 3. One-horned rhinoceros is naturally found in India only. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

In the context of which of the following do some scientists suggest the use of Cirrus cloud thinning technique and the injection of Sulphate aerosol into stratosphere?

In the context of which one of the following are the terms ‘pyrolysis and plasma gasification’ mentioned?

Which of the following are in Agasthyamala Biosphere Reserve?

Consider the following statement: 1. Some species of turtles are herbivores. 2. Some species of fish are herbivores. 3. Some species of marine mammals are herbivores. 4. Some species of snakes are viviparous. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Consider the following pairs: *  wildlife Naturally found in* 1. Blue-finned Mahseer : Cauvery River 2. Irrawaddy Dolphin : Chambal River 3. Rusty-spotted Cat : Eastern Ghats which of the pairs given above are correctly matched?

Why is there a great concern about the ‘microbeads’ that are released into environment?

Which one of the following National Parks lies *completely *in the temperatealpine zone?

Consider the following statements: 1. Agriculture soils release nitrogen oxides into environment. 2. Cattle release ammonia into environment. 3. Poultry industry releases reactive nitrogen compounds into environment. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Which of the following statements are correct about the deposits of ‘methane hydrate’? 1. Global warming might trigger the release methane gas from these deposits. 2. Large deposits of ‘methane hydrate’ are found in Arctic Tundra and under the seafloor. 3. Methane in atmosphere oxidizes to carbon dioxide after a decade or two. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

Consider the following 1. Carbon monoxide 2. Methane 3. Ozone 4. Sulphur dioxide Which of the above are released into atmosphere due to the burning of crop/biomass residue?

Consider the following statements: 1. Under Ramasar Convention, it is mandatory on the part of the Government of India to protect and conserve all the wetland in the territory of India. 2. The Wetlands (Conservation and Management) Rules, 2010 were framed by the Government of India based on the recommendations of Ramasar Convention. 3. The Wetlands (Conservation and Management) Rules, 2010 also encompass the drainage area or catchment regions of the wetlands as determined by the authority. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

How is the National Green Tribunal (NGT) different from the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) 1. The NGT has been established by an Act whereas the CPCB has been created by an executive order of the Government. 2. The NGT provides environmental justice and helps reduce the burden of litigation in the higher courts whereas the CPCB promotes cleanliness of streams and wells, and aims to improve the quality of air in the country. Which of the statements given above is/are correct

With reference to the ‘Global Alliance for Climate-Smart Agriculture (CACSA)’, which of the following statements is/are correct.” 1. GACSA is an outcome of the Climate Summit held in Paris in 2015. 2. Membership of GACSA does not create any binding obligations. 3. India was instrumental in the creation of GACSA. Select the correct answer using the code given

The term “sixth mass extinction/sixth extinction” is often mentioned in the news in the context of the discussion of

Which of the following statements best describes “carbon fertilization”?

The Partnership for Action on Green Economy (PAGE), a UN mechanism to assist countries transition towards greener and more inclusive economies, emerged at

Why is a plant called Prosopis juliflora often mentioned in news?

Consider the following statements 1. Most of the world’s coral reefs are in tropical waters. 2. More than one-third of the world’s coral reefs are located in the territories of Australia, Indonesia and Philippines. 3. Coral reefs host far more number of animal phyla than those hosted by tropical rainforests. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

“Momentum for Change : Climate Neutral Now” is an initiative launched by

In which one of the following States is Pakhui Wildlife Sanctuary located?

Consider the following statements: 1. The definition of “Critical Wildlife Habitat” is incorporated in the Forest Rights Act, 2006. 2. For the first time in India, Baigas have been given Habitat Rights. 3. Union Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change officially decides and declares Habitat Rights for Primitive and Vulnerable Tribal Groups in any part of India. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

From the ecological point of view, which one of the following assume importance in being a good link between the Eastern Ghats and the Western Ghats?

Consider the following statements in respect of Trade Related Analysis of Fauna and Flora in Commerce (TRAFFIC). 1. TRAFFIC is a beurau under United Nation Environment Programme (UNEP) 2. The mission of Traffic is to ensure that trade in wild plants and animals is not a threat to the conservation of nature. Which of the above statements is/are correct?

In the context of solving pollution problems, what is/are the advantage/advantages of bioremediation technique? 1. It is a technique for cleaning up pollution by enhancing the same biodegradation process that occurs in nature. 2. Any contaminant with heavy metals such as cadmium and lead can be readily and completely treated by bioremediation using microorganisms 3. Genetic engineering can be used to create microorganism specifically designed for bioremediation Select the correct answer using the codes given below

Due to some reasons, if there is a huge fall in the population of species of butterflies, what could be its likely consequence/consequences? 1. Pollination of some plants could be adversely affected 2. There could be drastic increase in the fungal infections of some cultivated plants 3. It could lead to a fall in the population of some species of wasps, spiders and birds Select the correct answer using the codes given below

In the context of mitigating the impending global warming due to anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide, which of the following can be the potential sites for carbon sequestration 1. Abandoned and uneconomic coal seams 2. Depleted oil and gas reservoirs 3. Subterranean deep saline formations Select the correct answer using the codes given below.

According to the Wildlife [Protection] Act, 1972, which of the following animals cannot be hunted by any person except under some provisions provided by law? 1. Gharial 2. Indian wild ass 3. Wild Buffalo Select the correct answer using the code given below:

With reference to ‘Global Climate Change Alliance’ which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. It is an initiative of the European Union. 2. It provides technical and financial support to targeted developing countries to integrate climate change into their development policies and budgets. 3. It is coordinated by world Resources Institute (WRI) and world business council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD). Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) is a standard criterion for

Consider the following statements : 1. Climate and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC) to Reduce Short Lived Climate Pollutants is a unique initiative of G20 group of countries; 2. The CCAC focuses on methane, black carbon and hydrofluorocarbons. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

If you want to see gharials in their natural habitat, which one of the following is the best place to visit?

The term ‘M-STrIPES’ is sometimes seen in the news in the context of

In India, if a species of tortoise is declared protected under Schedule I of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, what does it imply?

Recently there was a proposal to translocate some of the lions from their natural habitat in Gujarat to which one of the following sites?

1. To provide modern technology, training in modern farming methods and financial support to local communities of identified GIAHS so as to greatly enhance their agricultural productivity 2. To identify and safeguard eco-friendly traditional farm practices and their associated landscapers, agricultural biodiversity and knowledge systems of the local communities 3. To provide Geographical Indication status to all the varieties of agricultural produce in such identified GIAHS

Terms sometimes Their origin seen in the news 1. Annex—I Countries : Cartagena Protocol 2. Certified Emissions Reductions : Nagoya Protocol 3. Clean Development Mechanism : Kyoto Protocol Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

1. Incorporating environment al benefits and costs into the Union and State Budgets thereby implementing the `green accounting’ 2. Launching the second green revolution to enhance agricultural output so as to ensure food security to one and all in the future 3. Restoring and enhancing forest cover and responding to climate change by a combination of adaptation and mitigation measures

1. It is capable of swimming up to three kilometres in seawater. 2. It survives by grazing on mangroves. 3. It lives in the wild and cannot be domesticated.

1. It is an initiative hosted by UNEP, IMF and World Economic Forum.It is a global initiative that focuses on drawing attention to the economic benefits of biodiversity. 2. It presents an approach that can help decision-makers recognize, demonstrate and capture the value of ecosystems and biodiversity.

1. It is a tree species found in a part of South India. 2. It is one of the most important trees in the tropical rain forest areas of South India. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. per design and effective implementation of UN-REDD+ Programme can significantly contribute to 2. protection of biodiversity resilience of forest ecosystems 3. poverty reduction

1. It is a global action plan for sustainable development 2. It originated in the World Summit on Sustainable Development held in Johannesburg in 2002. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(1) The International Solar Alliance was launched at the United Nations Climate Change Conference in 2015. (2) The Alliance includes all the member countries of the United Nations. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. Carbon dioxide 2. Carbon monoxide 3. Nitrogen dioxide 4. Sulphur dioxide 5. Methane

1. The Agreement was signed by all the member countries of the UN and it will go into effect in 2017. 2. The Agreement aims to limit the greenhouse gas emissions so that the rise in average global temperature by the end of this century does not exceed 2 °C or even 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels. 3. Developed countries acknowledged their historical responsibility in global warming and committed to donate $ 1000 billion a year from 2020 to help developing countries to cope with climate change.

1. The Sustainable Development Goals were first proposed in 1972 by a global think tank called the ‘Club of Rome’. 2. The Sustainable Development Goals have to be achieved by 2030. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. It aims to promote effective action through innovative national programmes and supportive inter-national partnerships. 2. It has a special/particular focus on South Asia and North Africa regions, and its Secretariat facilitates the allocation of major portion of financial resources to these regions. 3. It is committed to bottom-up approach, encouraging the participation of local people in combating the desertification.

1. River basin is the unit of planning and management. 2. It spearheads the river conservation efforts at the national level. 3. One of the Chief Ministers of the States through which the Ganga flows becomes the Chairman of NGRBA on rotation basis.

Which of the following National Parks is unique in being a swamp with floating vegetation that supports a rich biodiversity?

What can be the impact of excessive/inappropriate use of nitrogenous fertilizers in agriculture?

With reference to the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) and the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), which of the following statements is/are correct?

With reference to ‘fly ash’ produced by the power plants using coal as fuel, which of the following statements is/are correct? 

With reference to ‘dugong’, a mammal found in India, which of the following statements is/are correct?

Which one of the following is the national aquatic animal of India?

Which one of the following regions of Indian has a combination of mangrove forest, evergreen forest and deciduous forest?

Which one the following is associated with the issue of control and phasing out of the use of ozone-depleting substances?

Which of the statements regarding ‘Green Climate Fund’ is/are correct?

Which one of the following National Parks has a climate that varies from tropical to subtropical, temperate and arctic?

‘BioCarbon Fund Initiative for Sustainable Forest Landscapes’ is managed by the

With reference to ‘Forest Carbon Partnership Facility’, which of the following statements is/are correct?

With reference to an organization known as ‘BirdLife International’, which of the following statements is/are correct?

In India, in which one of the following types of forests is teak a dominant tree species?

Which one of the following is the best description of the term ‘ecosystem’?

With reference to ‘Eco-Sensitive Zones’, which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. Eco-Sensitive Zones are the areas that are declared under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. 2. The purpose of the declaration of Eco-Sensitive Zones is to prohibit all kinds of human activities, in those zones except agriculture.

Consider the following statements: 1. Animal Welfare Board of India is established under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. 2. National Tiger Conservation Authority is a statutory body. 3. National Ganga River Basin Authority is chaired by the Prime Minister. Which of the statements given above is/ are correct?

Which of the following have coral reefs? 1. Andaman and Nicobar Islands I 2. Gulf of Kachchh 3. Gulf of Mannar 4. Sunderbans

The most important strategy for the conservation of biodiversity together with traditional human life is the establishment of

The scientific view is that the increase in global temperature should not exceed 2 °C above pre-industrial level. If the global temperature increases beyond 3 °C above the pre-industrial level, what can be its possible impact/impacts on the world? 1. Terrestrial biosphere tends toward a net carbon source 2. Widespread coral mortality will occur. 3. All the global wetlands will permanently disappear. 4. Cultivation of cereals will not be possible anywhere in the world.

What are the benefits of implementing the ‘Integrated Watershed Development Programme’? 1. Prevention of soil runoff 2. Linking the country’s perennial rivers with seasonal rivers 3. Rainwater harvesting and recharge of groundwater table 4. Regeneration of natural vegetation

Which of the following are some important pollutants released by steel industry in India? 1. Oxides of sulphur 2. Oxides of nitrogen 3. Carbon monoxide 4. Carbon dioxide

Every year, a month long ecologically important campaign/festival is held during which certain communities/ tribes plant saplings of fruit-bearing trees. Which of the following are such communities/tribes?

Consider the following international agreements: 1. The International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture 2. The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification 3. The World Heritage Convention Which of the above has / have a bearing on the biodiversity?

Consider the following statements regarding ‘Earth Hour’ : 1. It is an initiative of UNEP and UNESCO. 2. It is a movement in which the participants switch off the lights for one hour on a certain day every year. 3. It is a movement to raise the awareness about the climate change and the need to save the planet. Which of the statements given above is / are correct?

Which one of the following is the correct sequence of a food chain?

With reference to technologies for solar power production, consider the following statements: 1.’Photovoltaics’ is a technology that generates electricity by direct conversion of light into electricity, while ‘Solar Thermal’ is a technology that utilizes the Sun’s rays to generate heat which is further used in electricity generation process. 2. Photovoltaics generates Alternating Current (AC), while Solar Thermal generates Direct Current (DC). 3. India has manufacturing base for Solar Thermal technology, but not for Photovoltaics. Which of the statements given above is / are correct?

Consider the following languages: 1. Gujatati 2. Kannada 3. Telugu Which of the above has/have been declared as ‘Classical Language / Languages’ by the Government?

Consider the following 1\. Star tortoise 2\. Monitor lizard 3\. Pygmy hog 4\. Spider monkey Which of the above found in India?

Which of the following can be found as pollutants in the drinking water in some parts of India? 1\. Arsenic 2\. Sorbitol 3\. Fluoride 4\. Formaldehyde 5\. Uranium Select the correct answer using the codes given below.

In the grasslands, trees do not replace the grasses as a part of an ecological succession because of

Which one of the following is the correct sequence of ecosystems in the order of decreasing productivity?

Due to improper / indiscriminate disposal of old and used computers or their parts, which of the following are released into the environment as e-waste? 1\. Beryllium 2\. Cadmium 3\. Chromium 4\. Heptachlor 5\. Mercury 6\. Lead 7\. Plutonium Select the correct answer using the codes given below.

Acid rain is caused by the pollution of environment by

With reference to food chains in ecosystems, consider the following statements : 1\. A food chain illustrates the order in which a chain of organisms feed upon each other. 2\. Food chains are found within the populations of a species. 3\. A food chain illustrates the numbers of each organism which are eaten by others. Which of the statements given above is / are correct?

Consider the following pairs National Park River flowing through the Park 1\. Corbett National Park : Ganga 2\. Kaziranga National Park : Manas 3\. Silent Valley National Park : Kaveri Which of the above pairs is/are correctly matched?

In which of the following States is lion-tailed macaque found in its natural habitat? 1\. Tamil Nadu 2\. Kerala 3\. Karnataka 4\. Andhra Pradesh Select the correct answer using the codes given below.

Which one of the following terms describes not only the physical space occupied by an organism, but also its functional role in the community of organisms?

Photochemical smog is a resultant of the reaction among

With reference to the food chains in ecosystems, which of the following kinds of organism is / are known as decomposer organism/organisms? 1\. Virus 2\. Fungi 3\. Bacteria Select the correct answer using the codes given below.

Consider the following fauna of India: 1.Gharial 2.Leatherback turtle 3.Swamp deer Which of the above is/are endangered?

Consider the following protected areas: 1. Bandipur 2. Bhitarkanika 3. Manas 4. Sunderbans **Which of the above are declared Tiger Reserves?**

In which one among the following categories of protected areas in India are local people not allowed to collect and use the biomass?

Consider the following kinds of organisms: 1. Bat 2. Bee 3. Bird which of the above is/are pollinating agent/agents?

Which one of the following groups of animals belongs to the category of endangered species?

The Millenium Ecosystem Assessment describes the following major categories of ecosystem services-provisioning, supporting, regulating, preserving and cultural. Which one of the following is supporting service?

What is the difference between the antelopes Oryx and Chiru?

Which of the following can be threats to the biodiversity of a geographical area? 1 Global warming 2 Fragmentation of habitat 3 Invasion of alien species 4 Promotion of vegetarianism S**elect the correct answer using the codes given below:**

Consider the following: 1. Black necked crane 2. Cheetah 3. Flying squirrel 4. Snow leopard **Which of the above are naturally found in India?**

What would happen if phytoplankton of an ocean is completely destroyed for some reason? 1. The ocean as a carbon sink would be adversely affected. 2. The food chains in the ocean would be adversely affected. 3. The density of ocean water would drastically decrease. **Select the correct answer using the codes given below**:

Vultures used to be very common in Indian countryside some years ago are rarely seen nowadays. This is attributed to

How does National Biodiversity Authority help in protecting the Indian agriculture? 1\. NBA checks the biopairacy and protects the indigenous and traditional genetic resources. 2\. NBA directly monitors and supervises the scientific research on genetic modification of crop plants. 3 Applications for intellectual property rights related to genetic/ biological resources can not be made without the approval of NBA. Which of the statements given above is/ are correct?

The national green tribunal act. 2010 was enacted in consonance with which of the following provisions of the constitution of India? 1 Right to healthy environment, construed as a part of Right to life under article 21 2 Provision of grants for raising the level of administration in the scheduled areas for the welfare of scheduled tribes under article 275(1) 3 Powers and functions of gram Sabah as mentioned under article 243 (A)

If national water mission is properly and completely implemented how will it impact the country? 1 Part of the water needs of urban areas will be met through recycling of waste water. 2 The water requirements of coastal cities with inadequate alternative sources of water will be met by adopting appropriate technologies that allow for the use of ocean water. 3\. All the rivers of Himalayan origin will be linked to the rivers of peninsular India 4\. The expenses incurred by farmers for digging bore wells and for installing motors and pump sets to draw groundwater will be completely reimbursed by the Government. **Select the correct answer using the codes given below**

Chlorofluorocarbons, known as ozone depleting substances are used 1\. In the production of plastic foams 2 in the production of tubeless tyres 3\. In cleaning certain electronic components 4\. As pressurizing agents in aerosol cans **Which of the statements given above is/are correct?**

The acidification of oceans is increasing . why is this phenomenon a cause of concern ? 1. The growth and survival of calcareous phytoplankton will be adversely affected 2. The growth and survival of coral reefs will be adversely affected 3. The survival of some animals that have phytoplankton larvae will be adversely affected 4. The cloud seeding and formation of clouds will be adversely affected Which of the statements are correct?

Salinization occurs when the irrigation water accumulated in the soil evaporates, leaving behind salts and minerals. What are the effects of salinization on the irrigated land?

The “Red Data Books” published by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resource (IUCN) contain lists of 1. Endemic plant and animal species present in the biodiversity hotspots. 2. Threatened plant and animal species. 3. Protected sites for conservation of nature and natural resources in various countries. Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

There is a concern over the increase in harmful algal blooms in the seawaters of India. What could be the causative factors for this phenomenon? 1. Discharge of nutrients from the estuaries. 2. Run-off from the land during the monsoon. 3. Upwelling in the seas. Select the correct answer from the codes given below:

A sandy and saline area is the natural habitat of an Indian animal species. The animal has no predators in that area but its existence is threatened due to the destruction of its habitat. Which one of the following could be that animal?

Consider the following statements: 1. Biodiversity is normally greater in the lower latitudes as compared to the higher latitudes. 2. Along the mountain gradients, biodiversity is normally greater in the lower altitudes as compared to the higher altitudes. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Consider the following: 1. Carbon dioxide 2. Oxides of Nitrogen 3. Oxides of Sulphur Which of the above is/are the emission/emissions from coal combustion at thermal power plants?

The formation of ozone hole in the Antarctic region has been a cause of concern. What could be the reason for the formation of this hole?

Regarding “carbon credits”, which one of the following statements is not correct?

Biodiversity forms the basis for human existence in the following ways: 1. Soil formation 2. Prevention of soil erosion 3. Recycling of waste 4. Pollination of crops Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

Which one of the following is not a site for in-situ method of conservation of flora?

Three of the following criteria have contributed to the recognition of Western Ghats-Sri Lanka and Indo-Burma regions as hotspots of biodiversity: 1. Species richness 2. Vegetation density 3. Endemism 4. Ethno-botanical importance 5. Threat perception 6. Adaptation of flora and fauna to warm and humid conditions Which three of the above are correct criteria in this context?

Human activities in the recent past have caused the increased concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, but a lot of it does not remain in the lower atmosphere because of 1. Its escape into the outer stratosphere. 2. The photosynthesis by phytoplankton in the oceans. 3. The trapping of air in the polar ice caps. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

In the context of ecosystem productivity, marine upwelling zones are important as they increase the marine productivity by bringing the 1. Decomposer microorganism to the surface. 2. Nutrients to the surface. 3. Bottom-dwelling organisms to the surface. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

If a tropical rain forest is removed, it does not regenerate quickly as compared to a tropical deciduous forest. This is because

The Himalayan Range is very rich in species diversity. Which one among the following is the most appropriate reason for this phenomenon?

With reference to India, consider the following Central Acts: 1. Import and Export (Control) Act, 1947 2. Mining and Mineral development (Regulation) Act, 1957 3. Customs Act, 1962 4. Indian Forest Act, 1927 Which of the above Acts have relevance to/bearing on the biodiversity conservation in the country?