Physical Geography

Tungurahua Volcano, which was declared a Global Geopark by UNESCO in 2025, is situated in which one among the following .countries ?

With reference to the climate of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, which of the following statements is/are correct ? 1. The climate can be defined as a humid, tropical coastal climate. 2. It receives rainfall from both South-west monsoon and North-east monsoon. 3. Maximum precipitation is between December and May. Select the answer using the code given below :

Which of the following geographical features or phenomena is/are associated with the Peninsular Block of India ? 1. Submergence of parts of the western coast due to tectonic activity 2. Presence of residual mountain ranges such as the Veliconda hills and Mahendragiri hills 3. Deep, V-shaped river valleys formed by fast-flowing rivers Select the answer using the code given below :

Through how many of Lake Tanganyika, Lake Tonlé Sap and Patos Lagoon does the Equator pass?

Which statements provide evidence of continental drift, including matching ancient rocks on Brazil and West Africa, Ghana gold deposits, and Gondwana sediment counterparts?

Consider statements about atmospheric dust being greater in subtropical/temperate areas and the role of dry winds.

Consider statements on January isotherms bending equatorward over land and poleward over oceans, and January air being warmer over oceans than land in the Northern Hemisphere.

Consider statements about chalk as a permeable rock, shale as impermeable, and clay being porous but not allowing water to pass.

Consider statements about changes in Earth’s rotation/axis, solar flares and CMEs, and polar-ice melt shifting water towards the equator.

How many of the United Kingdom, Denmark, New Zealand, Australia and Brazil have more than four time zones?

Consider statements about Anadyr in Siberia and Nome in Alaska and the difference in calendar days despite geographical proximity.

Consider the following statements: 1. The Red Sea receives very little precipitation in any form. 2. No water enters the Red Sea from rivers. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Consider the following: 1. Cashew 2. Papaya 3. Red sanders. How many of the above trees are actually native to India?

With reference to “water vapour”, which of the following statement is/are correct? 1. It is a gas, the amount of which decreases with altitude. 2. Its percentage is maximum at the poles. Select the answer using the code given below:

Consider the following description: 1. Annual and daily range of temperatures is low. 2. Precipitation occurs throughout the year. 3. Precipitation varies between 50 cm-250 cm. What is this type of climate?

With reference to “Coriolis force”, which of the following statement is/are correct? 1. It increases with increase in wind velocity. 2. It is maximum at the poles and is absent at the equator. Select the answer using the code given below:

On June 21 every year, which of the following latitude(s) experience(s) a sunlight of more than 12 Hours? 1. Equator 2. Tropic of Cancer 3. Tropic of Capricorn 4. Arctic Circle. Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Consider the following statements: Statement-1: The atmosphere is heated more by incoming solar radiation than by terrestrial radiation. Statement-2: Carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are good absorbers of long wave radiation. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

Consider the following statements: Statement-1: Thickness of the troposphere at the equator is much greater as compared to poles. Statement-2: At the equator, heat is transported to great heights by strong convectional currents. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

Consider the following: 1. Pyroclastic debris 2. Ash and dust 3. Nitrogen compounds 4. Sulphur compounds. How many of the above are products of volcanic eruptions?

Which of the following is/are correct inference/inferences from isothermal maps in the month of January? 1. The isotherms deviate to the north over the ocean and to the south over the continent. 2. The presence of cold ocean currents, Gulf Stream and North Atlantic Drift make the isotherms bend towards the north. Select the answer using the code given below:

Consider the following statements: Statement-1: Rainfall is one of the reasons for weathering of rocks. Statement-2: Rain water contains carbon dioxide in solution. Statement-3: Rain water contains atmospheric oxygen. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

Consider the following information: Region — Name of the mountain range — Type of mountain: 1. Central Asia — Vosges — Fold mountain; 2. Europe — Alps — Block mountain; 3. North America — Appalachians — Fold mountain; 4. South America — Andes — Fold mountain. In how many of the above rows is the given information correctly matched?

Which one of the following is the best example of repeated falls in sea level, giving rise to present-day extensive marshland?

Which one of the following is a part of the Congo Basin?

With reference to the E~'s atmosphere, which ~me of the following statements i~ correct?

Consider the following statements Statement-! : The soil in tropic_al rain forests is rich in nutrients. Statement-11 : The high temperature and moisture of tropical rain forests cause dead organic matter in the soil to decompose quickly. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

Consider the following statements : Statement-! : The temperature contrast between continents and oceans is greater during summer than in winter. Statenient-11 : The specific heat of water is more than that of land surface. Which one of the following is correct in respect of ihe above statements?

Consider the following statements : 1. In a seismograph, P waves are recorded earlier than S waves. 2. In P waves, the individual particles vibrate to and fro in the direction of wave propagation whereas in S waves, the particles vibrate up and down at right angles to the direction of wave propagation. Which of the statements given above ~sfare correct?

Gandikota canyon of South India was created by which one of the following rivers?

In the northern hemisphere, the longest day of the year normally occurs in the :

Consider the following statements : 1. High clouds primarily reflect solar radiation and cool the surface of the Earth. 2. Low clouds have a high absorption of infrared radiation emanating from the Earth's surface and thus cause warming effect. Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

The vegetation of savannah consists of grassland with scattered small trees, but extensive areas have no trees. The forest development in such areas is generally kept in check by one or more or a combination of some conditions. Which of the following are such conditions? 1. Burrowing animals and termites 2. Fire 3. Grazing herbivores 4. Seasonal rainfall 5. Soil properties. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

With reference to the water on the planet Earth, consider the following statements: 1. The amount of water in the rivers and lakes is more than the amount of groundwater. 2. The amount of water in polar ice caps and glaciers is more than the amount of groundwater. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

The black cotton soil of India has been formed due to the weathering of

Consider the following statements: 1. In the tropical zone, the western sections of the oceans are warmer than the eastern sections owing to the influence of trade winds. 2. In the temperate zone, westerlies make the eastern sections of oceans warmer than the western sections. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

“Leaf litter decomposes faster than in any other biome and as a result the soil surface is often almost bare. Apart from trees, vegetation is largely composed of plant forms that reach up into the canopy by climbing trees or growing as epiphytes...” This is most likely a description of

With reference to ocean mean temperature (OMT) which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. OMT is measured up to depth of 26o C isotherm which is 129 meters in the south western Indian ocean during January-March 2. OMT collected during January-March can be used in assessing whether the amount of rainfall the in monsoon will be less or more than a certain long-term mean. Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Considered the following statements: 1. Jets streams occur in the Northern Hemisphere only. 2. Only some cyclones develop an eye. 3. The temperature inside the eye of a cyclone is nearly 10o C lesser than that of the surroundings. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

On 21st June, the Sun

Why are dewdrops not formed on a cloudy night?

Recently, there was growing awareness, in our country about the importance of Himalayan nettle (Giradinia diversifolia) because it is found to be a sustainable source of

Consider the following State: 1. Chhattisgarh 2. Madhya Pradesh 3. Maharashtra 4. Odisha With reference to the State mentioned above, in terms of percentage of forest cover to the total area of State, which one of the following is the correct ascending of order?

Consider the following pairs: | Sea | Bordering country | | --------------------- | ----------------- | | 1. Andriatic Sea | : Albania | | 2. Black Sea | : Croatia | | 3. Caspian Sea | : Kazakhstan | | 4. Mediterranean Sea | : Morocco | | 5. Red Sea | : Syria | Which of the pairs given above are correctly matched?

Which of the following leaf modifications occur(s) in the desert areas to inhibit water loss? 1. Hard and waxy leaves 2. Tiny leaves 3. Thorns instead of leaves Select the correct answer using the code given below :

Which of the following has/have shrunk immensely/dried up in the recent past due to human activities ? 1. Aral Sea 2. Black Sea 3. Lake Baikal Select the correct answer using the code given below :

Which of the following is/are the possible consequence/s of heavy sand mining in riverbeds ? 1. Decreased salinity in the river 2. Pollution of groundwater 3. Lowering of the water-table Select the correct answer using the code given below :

With reference to agricultural soils, consider the following statements : 1. A high content of organic matter in soil drastically reduces its water holding capacity. 2. Soil does not play any role in the sulphur cycle. 3. Irrigation over a period of time can contribute to the salinization of some agricultural lands. Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

At one of the places in India, if you stand on the seashore and watch the sea, you will find that the sea water recedes from the shoreline a few kilometres and comes back to the shore, twice a day, and you can actually walk on the sea floor when the water recedes. This unique phenomenon is seen at

With reference to ‘Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD)’. sometimes mentioned in the news while forecasting Indian monsoon, which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. IOD phenomenon is characterised by a difference in sea surface temperature between tropical Western Indian Ocean and tropical Eastern Pacific Ocean. 2. An IOD phenomenon can influence an El Nino’s impact on the monsoon. Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Which of the following is geographically closest to Great Nicobar?

In the South Atlantic and South-Eastern Pacific regions in tropical latitudes, cyclone does not originate. What is the reason?

What explains the eastward flow of the equatorial counter-current?

Consider the following statements:

Tides occur in the oceans and seas due to which among the following?

Consider the following States

“Each day is more or less the same, the morning is clear and bright with a sea breeze; as the Sun climbs high in the sky, heat mounts up, dark clouds form, then rain comes with thunder and lightning. But rain is soon over.”

In India, the problem of soil erosion is associated with which of the following? 1. Terrace cultivation 2. Deforestation 3. Tropical climate

The seasonal reversal of winds is the typical characteristic of

Consider the following pairs: Wetlands Confluence of rivers 1. Harike Wetlands : Confluence of Beas and Satluj/Sutlej 2. Keoladeo Ghana National Park : Confluence of Banas and Chambal 3. Kolleru Lake : Confluence of Musi and Krishna Which of the above pairs is/are correctly matched?

If you travel through the Himalayas, you are Iikely to see which of the following plants naturally growing there? 1. Oak 2. Rhododendron 3. Sandalwood

Other than poaching, what are the possible reasons for the decline in the population of Ganges River Dolphins? 1. Construction of dams and barrages on rivers 2. Increase in the population of crocodiles in rivers 3. Getting trapped in fishing nets accidentally 4. Use of synthetic fertilizers and other agricultural chemicals in crop-fields in the vicinity of rivers

Brominated flame retardants are used in many household products like mattresses and upholstery. Why is there some concern about their use? 1. They are highly resistant to degradation in the environment. 2. They are able to accumulate in humans and animals.

Which one of the following is the largest Committee of the Parliament?

Variations in the length of daytime and nighttime from season to season are due to

On the planet earth, most of the freshwater exists as ice caps and glaciers. Out of the remaining freshwater, the largest proportion

Consider the following: 1\. Electromagnetic radiation 2\. Geothermal energy 3\. Gravitational force 4\. Plate movements 5\. Rotation of the earth 6\. Revolution of the earth Which of the above are responsible for bringing dynamic changes on the surface of the earth?

Contour bunding is a method of soil conservation used in

The most important fishing grounds of the world are found in the regions where

Which of the following is/are unique characteristic/characteristics of equatorial forests? 1\. Presence of tall, closely set trees with crowns forming a continuous canopy 2\. Coexistence of a large number of species 3\. Presence of numerous varieties of epiphytes Select the correct answer using the code given below:

The annual range of temperature in the interior of the continents is high as compared to coastal areas. What is / are the reason / reasons? 1\. Thermal difference between land and water 2\. Variation in altitude between continents and oceans 3\. Presence of strong winds in the interior 4\. Heavy rains in the interior as compared to coasts Select the correct answer using the codes given below.

Which of the following statements regarding laterite soils of India are correct? 1 . They are generally red in colour. 2\. They are rich In nitrogen and potash. 3\. Tiley are well-developed in Rajasthan and UP. 4\. Tapioca and cashew nuts grow well on these soils. Select the correct answer using the codes given below.

The increasing amount of carbon dioxide in the air is slowly raising the temperature of the atmosphere, because it absorbs

A person stood alone in a desert on a dark night and wanted to reach his village which was situated 5km east of the point where he was standing .He had no instruments to find the direction but he located the polestar, the most convenient way now to reach his village is to walk in the

Consider the following statements: 1. The duration of the monsoon decreases from southern India to northern India. 2. The amount of annual rainfall in the northern plains of India decreases from east to west. **Which of the statements given above is/are correct?**

Which one of the following is the characteristic climate of the Tropical Savannah Region?

Electrically charged particles from space travelling at speeds of several hundred km/sec can severely harm living beings if they reach the surface of the earth. What prevents them from reaching the surface of the earth?

Government of India encourages the cultivation of ‘sea buckthorn’. What is the importance of this plant? 1. It helps in controlling soil erosion and in preventing desertification. 2. It is a rich source of biodiesel. 3. It has nutritional value and is well-adapted to live in cold areas of high altitudes. 4. Its timber is of great commercial value. **Which of the statements given above is/ are correct?**

Consider the following factors: 1. Rotation of the Earth 2. Air pressure and wind 3. Density of ocean water 4. Revolution of the Earth **Which of the above factors influence the ocean currents?**

With reference to the wetlands of India, consider the following statements: 1. The country’s total geographical area under the category of wetlands is recorded more in Gujrat as Compared to other states 2. In India, the total geographical area of coastal wetlands is larger than that of inland wetlands **Which of the statements given above is/are correct?**

When you travel in Himalayas,you will see the foll. : 1. Deep gorges 2. U-turn river courses 3. Parallel mountain ranges 4. steep gradients causing land-sliding Which of the above can be said to be the evidences for the Himalayas being young fold mountains?

Normally the temp. Decreases with the increase in height from the earth’s surface, because 1. the atmosphere can be heated upwards only from the Earth’s surface 2. there is more moisture in the upper atmosphere 3. the air is less dense in the upper atmosphere Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

The 2004 Tsunami made people realize that mangroves can serve as a reliable safety hedge against coastal calamities. How do mangroves function as a safety hedge?

Westerlies in southern hemisphere are stronger and persistent than in northern hemisphere. Why? 1. Southern hemisphere has less landmass as compared to northern hemisphere. 2. Coriolis force is higher in southern hemisphere as compared to northern hemisphere Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

La Nina is suspected to have caused recent floods in Australia. How is La Nina different from El Nino? 1. La Nina is characterised by unusually cold ocean temperature in equatorial Indian Ocean whereas El Nino is characterised by unusually warm ocean temperature in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. 2. El Nino has adverse effect on south-west monsoon of India, but La Nina has no effect on monsoon climate. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

What could be the main reason/reasons of the formation of African and Eurasian desert belt? 1. It is located in the sub-tropical high pressure cells. 2. It is under the influence of warm ocean currents. Which of the statements given above is/are correct in this context?

The jet aircrafts fly very easily and smoothly in the lower stratosphere. What could be the appropriate explanation? 1. There are no clouds or water vapour in the lower stratosphere. 2. There are no vertical winds in the lower stratosphere. Which of the statements given above is/are correct in this context?

The Brahmaputra, Irrawady and Mekong rivers originate in Tibet and flow through narrow and parallel mountain ranges in their upper reaches. Of these rivers, Brahmaputra makes a “U” turn in its course to flow into India. This “U” turn is due to